Hint: It was painted between 1490 and 1510 by a Dutch artist who is among the most famous and influential figures in the history of Western art. He is one of the most notable representatives of the Early Netherlandish painting school.

Answer: The Garden of Earthly Delights by Hieronymus Bosch

This is the center panel of a triptych that depicts a progression from Eden, through a world of earthly pleasures, to Hell, and is often interpreted as a cautionary tale against sin and temptation.